MOJ analysis[footnote 5] explored the extent of the association between ethnicity and custodial sentencing within specific higher-order offences, one category of these being drug related. Almost three quarters (1,405 or 72%) of all homicide victims (where ethnicity was known) over the three-year period were from the White ethnic group. Turning to the prison context, trust has been identified as one of the aspects of prison life that matters most to prisoners. It is the first time the national statistics agency has. We then moved on to address this category of offending with reference to acquisitive violence. For instance, Bennett and Wrights[footnote 47] 1984 study of imprisoned professional burglars in southern England showed that most of their burglaries were planned. . For example, one study[footnote 46] found that professional burglars used illegal drugs when committing offences to reduce their anxiety and remain vigilant. Data is also largely cross-sectional and correlational, so cannot actually address the underlying causes of crime or explore offending over the life-course, particularly as this relates to the diverse BAME communities of the UK. Why do people comply with the law? , Since robbery is an offence which involves theft with violence or threat of violence, its risk factors have been included in the section on violent crime. Victims of knife injuries shared a similar profile with offenders. Police recorded knife or sharp instrument offences data are submitted to the Home Office via an additional special collection. The current evidence base indicates the important risk factors associated with committing specific crimes. This work showed that in London in 2017, 50% of knife crime offenders were BAME (up from 44% in 2008). Gang Membership and Knife Carrying: Findings from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime. [footnote 82]. Secondly, this problem is exacerbated by the fact that the bulk of the UK reports are all ultimately based on the same interrelated datasets provided by the government, and obtained from stakeholders largely through statutory reporting requirements. Knife and offensive weapon sentencing statistics: year ending March Figures suggest that in 2019 to 2020, BAME people were stopped at a rate 4.1 times higher than White people. In this sense, regarding property crime, apart from the key issue of drug addiction, the main risk factors arising from research relate more to situational opportunities and affordances than they do to factors relating the characteristics of the offenders involved. Bottoms, A., & Tankebe, J. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 215-225; Gerard, J. F., Jacson, V., Chou, S., Whitfield, K. C., & Browne, K. D. (2014). There is often somewhat of a tautological relationship between risk factors and associated behaviours. [footnote 42] This research suggests that drug use leads to involvement in criminal behaviour due to: Perhaps unsurprisingly, the risk and protective factors for drug use overlap with those for violent crime and gang involvement outlined above. 78% of victims were male, 32% were aged between 17 to 24, and 55% were BAME. , Brown, J. and Sturge, G. (2020). Teenagers at risk: The safeguarding needs of young people in gangs and violent peer groups. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. Conviction rates in the Crown Court were marginally lower for Mixed ethnicity men appearing for robbery, while custodial sentencing was not significantly different to White men. Although we consider risk factors of gang involvement in this paper, it is important to first note that membership of a gang itself is not necessarily a crime, and that the data and analysis on these issues is generally taken from associations with other types of offending, such as violent crime and drug use.
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