On 4 May 1843, the Guatemalan parliament issued a decree giving the district of Santo Toms "in perpetuity" to the Compagnie belge de colonisation[fr], a private Belgian company under the protection of King Leopold I of Belgium. As a latecomer in the struggle for colonies, Germany had to settle for four territories, called "protectorates," in . Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. It also annexed Katanga, a territory under the Congo Free State flag, which Leopold had gained in 1891, when he sent an expedition which killed its king, Msiri, cut off his head and hoisted it on a pole. It also had a small concession in China and was a co-administrator of the Tangier International Zone in Morocco. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. A governor general exercised more or less absolute power. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. The most notable of these empires was the Kingdom of Kongo, which was founded in the fourteenth century and centered around present-day western Congo and northern Angola. In the margins of the 18841885 Berlin Conference, the world's main powers recognized the AIC as the legal authority over a vast territory in the heart of Africa, a new "state" called the Congo Free State. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The boundaries of Colonialism, like those of many literary eras, are difficult to draw. Belgian native policy, which had rigidified the ethnic boundaries between Tutsi and Hutu and consequently had exacerbated the ethnic identity of these groups, was largely responsible for the intensification of ethnic rivalry between these groups after the end of foreign rule. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Leopold II tried to interest his government in establishing colonies, but it lacked the resources to develop the candidate territories and turned down his plans. POST-1945 HISTORICAL CONTEXTS The Congo had a high degree of racial segregation. . By the time Belgium's second king, Leopold II, was crowned, Belgian enthusiasm for colonialism had abated. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Very little money was invested in educationwhich was left to missionaries, mainly Roman Catholic, and consisted of basic literacy and numeracy. [1], Much of the initial infrastructure was the work of Stanley Morton Stanley who, having extensively explored the Congo, was employed by Leopold from 1878. A People's History. Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/africa-belgian-colonies, "Africa: Belgian Colonies
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