After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, triggering World War II, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Denmark was overrun so quickly that there was no time for a resistance to form. "[219] In the view of Christian Gerlach, Hitler "announced his decision in principle" to annihilate the Jews on or around 12 December 1941, one day after his declaration of war. Horrors of Auschwitz: The Numbers Behind WWII's Deadliest - History [393] In August 1941, after protests from Germany's Catholic and Protestant churches, Hitler canceled the T4 program,[394] although disabled people continued to be killed until the end of the war. [287], Although the Holocaust was planned and directed by Germans, the Nazi regime found willing collaborators in other countries (e.g. persons actually or believed to be active in underground resistance, persons killed in reprisal for some actual or perceived resistance activity carried out by someone else, losses due to so-called collateral damage in actual military operations. [67] The SS and SA smashed shops and stole cars belonging to Jews; Austrian police stood by, some already wearing swastika armbands. The European Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event during the Holocaust era (19331945),[8] in which Germany and its collaborators persecuted and murdered millions of others, including ethnic Poles, Soviet civilians and prisoners of war, the Roma, the disabled, political and religious dissidents, and gay men. [91], The Wehrmacht in Poland was accompanied by seven SS Einsatzgruppen der Sicherheitspolitizei ("special task forces of the Security Police") and an Einsatzkommando, numbering 3,000 men in all, whose role was to deal with "all anti-German elements in hostile country behind the troops in combat". Key Facts 1 By contrast, more atheists and agnostics than Jews correctly answer the question about how Hitler became chancellor of Germany: Three-quarters of atheists (76%) and seven-in-ten agnostics know Hitler became chancellor through a democratic political process, compared with 57% of Jews. See here for details. [124], The fall of France gave rise to the Madagascar Plan in the summer of 1940, when French Madagascar in Southeast Africa became the focus of discussions about deporting all European Jews there; it was thought that the area's harsh living conditions would hasten deaths. Similar shares express cold feelings toward Jews among those who overestimate the number of Holocaust deaths (9%) and among those who say they do not know how many Jews died in the Holocaust or decline to answer the question (12%). These are among the key findings of a survey conducted online Feb. 4 to 19, 2019, among 10,971 respondents. What Americans Know About the Holocaust | Pew Research Center By the end of World War II, in 1945, the Jewish population of Europe had shrunk to 3.8 million, or 35% of the world's 11 million Jews. In other words, the presence of a live interviewer may encourage people to answer questions differently than they would if no one was observing their (self-recorded) responses. [361] In Belarus, Germany imposed a regime that deported 380,000 people for slave labor, murdered 1.6million, and destroyed at least 5,295 settlements. Israel says world's Jewry is still 2 million shy of 1939 numbers [10] The term comes from the Greek: , romanized:holkaustos; hlos, "whole" + kausts, "burnt offering".
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